Less commonly, but more seriously, it can be caused by enterovirus 71 Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is due to enteroviral infection, most commonly Coxsackie A16, although other group A and B Coxsackie viruses may be causative. For neonates (children aged less than 28 days), specialist advice for management should be sought immediately Antihistamines can help with itching, as well as wet compresses, sodium bicarbonate baths and colloidal oatmeal baths Relief of itching and prevention of scratching, which predisposes to secondary bacterial infection, may be difficult especially in younger children Mild cases of chickenpox only require symptomatic treatment. It usually clears up within a week or so.
Scabs and crusts - after a further few days, the blisters dry out and scab over to form a crust the crusts then gradually fall off by themselves over the next week or two.Ĭhickenpox is contagious until all the blisters have scabbed over, which usually occurs around five or six days after the rash first appeared Ĭhickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus and is contagious until all the blisters have scabbed over. Blisters - over the next few hours or the following day, very itchy fluid-filled blisters develop on top of the spots and have a typical erythematous halo. Spots - small, red erythematous macules develop on the face or chest before spreading to other parts of the body. The main symptom is a rash that develops in three stages: The symptoms of chickenpox begin one to three weeks after infection. Chickenpox is usually a self-limiting disease in healthy children. The infection commonly occurs in childhood, but may occur at any time However, parents and carers should inform anyone who has been in contact with the child during the prodromal period so they can be managed effectively Ĭhickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). Once the rash has formed, the child is no longer contagious therefore it is not necessary for him or her to stay away from school or nursery, or avoid contact with pregnant women. Additionally, antihistamines can be used to help with any itching. If the child is experiencing fever, headache or joint pain they can be treated with paracetamol and ibuprofen. This often has a raised, lace-like appearance and may be itchy, clearing spontaneously within a few days.Ĭhildren should be encouraged to rest and drink plenty of fluids, and babies should continue their normal feeds It often causes a bright red rash on one or both cheeks, and usually clears up by itself in one to three weeks.Ī light pink erythematous, macular rash may also appear on the chest, stomach, arms and thighs Slapped cheek syndrome is caused by parvovirus B19. Other symptoms can also include low-grade fever, runny nose, sore throat, headache, upset stomach and generally feeling unwell The defining feature is a bright red rash on one or both cheeks, often with an accompanying paleness around the mouth Patients usually develop symptoms 4–14 days post-infection, but sometimes these may not appear for up to 21 days. Infection is also seasonal, with increases observed in spring and early summer, and additional increases in incidence occurring every 3–4 years Infection is most common in children, although it can occur in people of any age Slapped cheek syndrome (also called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum) is caused by parvovirus B19. This article describes a range of rashes in paediatric patients, according to a step-by-step approach to the classification and identification of the rash. Skin rashes in children require careful history taking, assessment and examination of the skin. School children visit the GP between two and three times a year, but this figure is doubled in the under-fives who visit the GP an average of six times a year Patients aged under 15 years comprise around 20% of the average GP list and account for one in four GP consultations. If the rash is accompanied by high fever, breathing difficulties, vomiting or reduced general health, it may be indicative of something more serious. If a child is in good health and has no other symptoms, simple observation of the rash over the following few days may be sufficient and the rash should disappear without need for significant treatment. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services ResearchĬhildhood rashes are common - most are harmless and no cause for concern, and disappear without the need for treatment. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. Antimicrobial resistance and stewardship.
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